[
  {
    "facility_slug": "aphorio-carter-trumbull",
    "milestone_date": "1960-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "construction_complete",
    "title": "Facility built for NASDAQ",
    "description": "The Trumbull facility is built in 1960 for use by NASDAQ, decades before its later life as a multi-tenant colocation site.",
    "source_url": "https://www.datacentermap.com/usa/connecticut/trumbull/80-merritt-boulevard/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "markley-one-summer-street",
    "milestone_date": "1997-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "land_acquisition",
    "title": "Markley Group purchases the building",
    "description": "Markley Group, founded in 1991, purchases One Summer Street in downtown Boston.",
    "source_url": "https://www.markleygroup.com/about-markley"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "markley-one-summer-street",
    "milestone_date": "1998-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "construction_complete",
    "title": "Carrier hotel opens",
    "description": "One Summer Street opens as a carrier hotel and data center, eventually becoming home to more than 90 carriers and network providers -- the largest multi-tenant telecommunications facility in New England.",
    "source_url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/markley-one-summer-street"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "equinix-billerica",
    "milestone_date": "1998-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "construction_complete",
    "title": "Facility opens as Verizon BOS1",
    "description": "The Billerica facility opens and operates for nearly two decades as a Verizon-owned data center before its 2017 sale.",
    "source_url": "https://www.datacenterhawk.com/colo/equinix/41-alexander-road/bo2"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "cyrusone-norwalk",
    "milestone_date": "2013-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "construction_complete",
    "title": "Facility opens",
    "description": "CyrusOne opens its Norwalk data center, a Tier III facility offering up to 16 MW of power, which becomes Connecticut's largest data center.",
    "source_url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/cyrusone-norwalk"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "tierpoint-waterbury",
    "milestone_date": "2014-12-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "ownership_change",
    "title": "TierPoint acquires Xand, gaining the Waterbury facility",
    "description": "TierPoint acquired Xand, a colocation/cloud/disaster-recovery provider with six data centers across NY, PA, CT, and MA, doubling TierPoint's footprint to 13 data centers. The Waterbury, CT facility at 108 Bank Street was one of the acquired Xand sites. Terms were not disclosed; the deal was funded partly by new investor Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan.",
    "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/tierpoint-closes-xand-acquisition/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "markley-group-lowell",
    "milestone_date": "2015-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "operational",
    "title": "Facility begins operation",
    "description": "Construction of the Lowell facility, now Massachusetts' largest data center, is completed and it begins operating.",
    "source_url": "https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2026/5/5/ai-data-center-lowell-water/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "cyrusone-norwalk",
    "milestone_date": "2015-07-01",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "ownership_change",
    "title": "CyrusOne acquires Cervalis, gaining the Norwalk facility",
    "description": "CyrusOne closed its ~$400M all-cash acquisition of Cervalis, an operator of four Tier 3+ data centers and two work-area-recovery facilities serving the New York metro area (500,000+ sq ft total). The Norwalk, CT facility (now branded NYM5) was part of the acquired Cervalis portfolio.",
    "source_url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001553023/000155302315000077/exhibit991-earningsrelease.htm"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "equinix-billerica",
    "milestone_date": "2017-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "ownership_change",
    "title": "Equinix acquires facility from Verizon",
    "description": "Equinix acquires the Billerica facility along with 28 other data centers in a portfolio purchase from Verizon, renaming it BO2.",
    "source_url": "https://www.equinix.com/data-centers/americas-colocation/united-states-colocation/boston-data-centers"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2021-10-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "permit_issued",
    "title": "City Council approves special permit and conditional PILOT agreement",
    "description": null,
    "source_url": "https://theshoestring.org/2025/12/30/ai-hallucination-proposed-westfield-data-center-appears-abandoned-by-developers/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "og-industries-beacon-falls",
    "milestone_date": "2022-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "permit_approved",
    "title": "Beacon Falls approves 32 MW data center",
    "description": "Construction firm gains approval for a 32 MW, 294,164 sq ft data center in Beacon Falls, CT.",
    "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/construction-firm-gains-approval-for-32mw-data-center-in-beacon-falls-connecticut/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "ne-edge-waterford",
    "milestone_date": "2023-02-24",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Operator discloses closed-loop air conditioning system",
    "description": "NE Edge states the facility will use a closed-loop air conditioning system intended to reduce water consumption compared to drawing external cooling water. No specific water-use figures were published.",
    "source_url": "https://ne-edgedatacenters.com/nuclear-powered-data-center-planned-in-connecticut/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "ne-edge-killingly",
    "milestone_date": "2023-08-08",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "land_acquisition",
    "title": "Town Council approves parcel sale",
    "description": "Killingly Town Council authorized sale of 125 Alexander Parkway and adjacent parcels to NE Edge LLC for $5 million.",
    "source_url": "https://baxtel.com/data-center/ne-edge-connecticut"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "aphorio-carter-trumbull",
    "milestone_date": "2024-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "ownership_change",
    "title": "Aphorio Carter acquires the facility from Digital Realty",
    "description": "Aphorio Carter acquired the Trumbull, CT data center (previously Digital Realty's HVN10) in 2024.",
    "source_url": "https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/aphorio-carter-acquires-digital-realty-data-center-in-trumbull-connecticut/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "ne-edge-waterford",
    "milestone_date": "2024-01-19",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "petition_denied",
    "title": "Siting Council denies Dominion jurisdiction petition",
    "description": "CT Siting Council denied a petition by Dominion Energy Nuclear Connecticut arguing the NE Edge switchyard/project was unrelated to Millstone's generating operations and therefore exempt from Council jurisdiction — meaning the project remains subject to full Siting Council review.",
    "source_url": "https://ctmirror.org/2024/01/19/millstone-power-plant-ct-data-center-nuclear/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2024-12-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Servistar's LLC administratively dissolved",
    "description": "Dissolved by the MA Secretary of the Commonwealth for failing to file annual reports two years running; a CT state senator involved in early financing called the project dead as of two years earlier.",
    "source_url": "https://theshoestring.org/2025/12/30/ai-hallucination-proposed-westfield-data-center-appears-abandoned-by-developers/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "charter-development-wallingford",
    "milestone_date": "2024-12-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "permit_issued",
    "title": "Zoning text amendment approved",
    "description": "Wallingford Planning & Zoning Commission approved a zoning text amendment allowing data centers to be developed in the Watershed Interchange District, after a public hearing that extended over three months.",
    "source_url": "https://hartfordbusiness.com/article/wallingford-oks-zoning-change-to-allow-data-centers/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "ne-edge-waterford",
    "milestone_date": "2025-04-16",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Board of Selectmen allows host-fee assignment to subsidiary",
    "description": "Waterford Board of Selectmen voted 2-1 to allow NE Edge LLC to assign its host-fee agreement to a subsidiary company, in an apparent effort to keep the project active ahead of the March 2026 building-permit deadline.",
    "source_url": "https://ffcct.org/ne-edge-transfers-waterford-data-center-rights-to-new-company/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "atlas-capital-bloomfield",
    "milestone_date": "2025-06-26",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Atlas Capital gives informal presentation to Town Plan & Zoning Commission",
    "description": "Atlas Capital Group presented an informal, conceptual proposal for a 900,000 sq ft data center plus a 127,000 sq ft substation on a 44-acre former tobacco field at 132 Griffin Road North. Plans described dual access points, rooftop chillers, backup generator yards, and roughly 40 employees. The town's planning director characterized the proposal as still in an early conceptual stage.",
    "source_url": "https://sentrycommercial.com/market/conceptual-plans-emerge-for-1m-sqft-data-center-in-hartford-county/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "markley-group-lowell",
    "milestone_date": "2025-07-03",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "permit_issued",
    "title": "MassDEP approves generator and cooling-tower expansion permit",
    "description": "Massachusetts DEP approved Markley's air-quality plan to operate 27 diesel backup generators and 16 cooling towers to support an AI-driven expansion, without cumulative-impacts analysis or MEPA review.",
    "source_url": "https://law.yale.edu/yls-today/news/clinic-advocates-against-data-center-expansion-massachusetts-city"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "aphorio-carter-trumbull",
    "milestone_date": "2026-01-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "expansion",
    "title": "365 Data Centers evaluates AI-driven upgrades",
    "description": "Norwalk-based 365 Data Centers, in partnership with CogNovum (which operates the facility with owner Aphorio Carter), is evaluating AI-driven upgrades to the Trumbull site as part of a roughly 200 MW nationwide high-density expansion push. Early stage — no final contracts or approvals confirmed yet.",
    "source_url": "https://hartfordbusiness.com/article/365-data-centers-eyes-ct-for-ai-data-center-as-part-of-national-expansion/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "nne-energy-sanford",
    "milestone_date": "2026-02-18",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Project details publicly reported",
    "description": "Local and regional press reported new details of the proposed Sanford Woods campus, including its scale (1,060 acres) and reported capacity range (100-300 MW), after town officials and the developer disclosed more information.",
    "source_url": "https://www.pressherald.com/2026/02/18/new-details-emerge-about-proposed-southern-maine-data-center/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "markley-group-lowell",
    "milestone_date": "2026-03-10",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "opposition",
    "title": "City enacts one-year data center moratorium",
    "description": "Lowell City Council adopted a temporary one-year moratorium on new data center construction and development by a 10-0 vote, the first such moratorium in Massachusetts, in response to community opposition to the Markley expansion.",
    "source_url": "https://www.nbcboston.com/boston-business-journal/lowell-imposes-moratorium-on-data-centers-targeting-states-largest-facility/3913800/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "ne-edge-waterford",
    "milestone_date": "2026-04-15",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "opposition",
    "title": "Opposition group reports host-fee agreement ended in default",
    "description": "An opinion piece by Concerned Citizens of Waterford and East Lyme states the host-fee agreement between NE Edge-Waterford LLC and the Town of Waterford \"has ended due to a default.\" This is an advocacy-group opinion piece, not a government filing or town record — reported here as a claim, not a confirmed fact. Independent confirmation (e.g. a town record or Siting Council filing) has not been located.",
    "source_url": "https://ctmirror.org/2026/04/15/tale-of-a-defeated-ct-data-center/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "gray-wolf-bristol",
    "milestone_date": "2026-04-20",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Operator discloses closed-loop cooling system",
    "description": "Facility described as using a closed-loop liquid cooling system (water recirculates) with municipal water purchased from Bristol Water & Sewer. Operator's own comparison: about 30% of the water used by a local grocery store and about 10% of a typical high school's annual use. Note: this and the wetlands-permit source refer to the applicant of record as \"ReNew Properties LLC\" / \"ReNew Developers\" at the same address, petition, and site as Gray Wolf Data Centers — likely the same project under a different corporate/filing name, but the discrepancy has not been independently resolved.",
    "source_url": "https://www.bristolct.gov/m/newsflash/home/detail/1683"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "androscoggin-mill-jay",
    "milestone_date": "2026-04-24",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Gov. Mills vetoes statewide data-center moratorium, citing the Jay project",
    "description": "LD 307 would have banned data centers over 20MW until Nov 2027; Mills said she would have signed it if it exempted the Jay project.",
    "source_url": "https://www.pressherald.com/2026/04/24/janet-mills-vetoes-temporary-data-center-ban-2/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "androscoggin-mill-jay",
    "milestone_date": "2026-04-29",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Maine House fails to override the veto, 72-65",
    "description": "Override needed a two-thirds majority in both chambers; the House vote fell short, so the moratorium did not become law.",
    "source_url": "https://mainemorningstar.com/2026/04/29/despite-initial-support-legislature-fails-to-override-mills-veto-of-landmark-data-center-ban/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "hanton-city-smithfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-05-04",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Hanton City Investments files its application",
    "description": null,
    "source_url": "https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/northwest/smithfield-town-council-approves-ordinance-to-prevent-construction-of-data-centers/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "hanton-city-smithfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-05-05",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Town Council votes 4-1 to ban data centers town-wide",
    "description": "The ordinance lists data centers as \"not permitted\" in every zoning district; whether Hanton City's filing, submitted one day earlier, is grandfathered is expected to be litigated.",
    "source_url": "https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/northwest/smithfield-town-council-approves-ordinance-to-prevent-construction-of-data-centers/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "aphorio-carter-trumbull",
    "milestone_date": "2026-05-06",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "expansion",
    "title": "365 Data Centers and Aphorio Carter launch AI-ready pipeline",
    "description": "365 Data Centers and Aphorio Carter announced a ~200 MW AI-ready data center pipeline across several U.S. markets, naming the existing Trumbull facility as a site for a subsequent letter-of-intent as part of a phased expansion strategy. No specific upgrade scope, capacity change, or timeline for Trumbull has been disclosed.",
    "source_url": "https://365datacenters.com/365-data-centers-and-aphorio-carter-launch-200-mw-ai-ready-data-center-pipeline/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "nne-energy-sanford",
    "milestone_date": "2026-05-19",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Sanford City Council imposes emergency data-center moratorium",
    "description": "Council voted unanimously for a 91-day emergency moratorium pausing acceptance, approval, or issuance of permits for any large-scale data center proposal in the city, effective immediately through Aug. 12, 2026. Followed the state veto-override failure; the city announced a task force to review municipal data-center regulations.",
    "source_url": "https://www.pressherald.com/2026/05/19/sanford-imposes-emergency-data-center-moratorium-halting-mousam-river-project/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-06-01",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "State announces new data-center tax-break standards",
    "description": "Governor Maura Healey announced that data centers will now have to meet new standards to qualify for state tax breaks, including limits on air and noise pollution and water consumption, and a guarantee against spiking local electric rates.",
    "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2026/07/14/business/westfield-data-center-backlash-healey/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "androscoggin-mill-jay",
    "milestone_date": "2026-06-12",
    "date_precision": "approximate",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Sentinel Data Centers withdraws from the project",
    "description": "Town manager Shiloh LaFreniere said Sentinel notified the site owner it did not intend to move forward; the developer is reportedly pursuing other operators.",
    "source_url": "https://www.mainepublic.org/climate/2026-06-12/developer-halts-plans-for-data-center-at-former-jay-paper-mill"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-06-18",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "opposition",
    "title": "City Council passes one-year data center moratorium",
    "description": "After roughly 100 residents packed a public hearing, the Westfield City Council voted unanimously to impose a temporary one-year moratorium on new data center development in the city.",
    "source_url": "https://thereminder.com/local-news/hampden-county/westfield/westfield-council-supports-moratorium-to-halt-new-data-centers/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "markley-group-lowell",
    "milestone_date": "2026-06-22",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Operator discloses actual water use via water bills",
    "description": "Water bills obtained by WBZ-TV show Markley reporting 60,000-120,000 gallons of water use per day over the prior year -- a rare directly-disclosed usage figure rather than a modeled estimate. No facility-specific water source was stated in the report.",
    "source_url": "https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/inside-lowell-markley-data-center/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-07-06",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "City Council passes one-year moratorium on new data centers",
    "description": "Unanimous final vote; does not affect the already-approved Servistar project.",
    "source_url": "https://thereminder.com/local-news/hampden-county/westfield/westfield-city-council-approves-data-center-moratorium/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-07-14",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "other",
    "title": "Developer claims minimal water use amid Barnes Aquifer concerns",
    "description": "Servistar states the facility will need \"at most 10,000 gallons a day\" for cleaning, restrooms, and landscaping under a closed-loop cooling design. City Councilor Kristen Mello and other residents dispute the claim, citing risk to the Barnes Aquifer that supplies the region -- an unresolved tension between the developer's figure and this site's own capacity-based estimate (194,540-506,900 gal/day).",
    "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2026/07/14/business/westfield-data-center-backlash-healey/"
  },
  {
    "facility_slug": "servistar-westfield",
    "milestone_date": "2026-07-14",
    "date_precision": "exact",
    "milestone_type": "opposition",
    "title": "Boston Globe reports active resident backlash",
    "description": null,
    "source_url": "https://www.bostonglobe.com/2026/07/14/business/westfield-data-center-backlash-healey/"
  }
]